Ethical guidelines

Panorama Económico is a publication that complies with the ethical guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Singapore Statement on Research Integrity on Research Integrity, for that reason, Panorama Económico maintains a firm stance against plagiarism and unethical practices in scientific research.

This section presents the ethical conduct guidelines that must be observed by the Editorial Committee, authors, reviewers, and readers of Panorama Económico. Compliance with the ethical guidelines established in this section is mandatory and a priority for the editorial operation of the journal, for access to and use of its content. Accordingly, the Panorama Económico community must act in accordance with the following guidelines, as applicable to each case.

Editor Responsabilities

The editor must assign reviewers according to scope of the submission, in order to obtain the best evaluation of its content. The editor must provide all the information to reviewers to ensure a accurate academic evaluation of the submission.

The editor must explicitly and thoroughly communicate the journal's policies and guidelines. 

The editor is responsible for providing review forms and tools for reviewers and authors to ensure effective tracking and monitoring of the review process.

The editor agrees to communicate with authors and arbitrators within short periods of time to follow the process

Respond within the established deadlines to follow up on the review process and to respond to any questions, requests, or concerns raised by reviewers or authors.

Apply the corresponding sanctions in the event of ethical misconduct.

The editor must respect the confidential nature of the peer-review process and must not disclose any details of the manuscript after the review has been completed unless they have obtained the author's permission.

Author Responsibility

The journal Panorama Económico establishes that an author of a contribution is a person who has responsibility for the conceptualization, execution, writing, proposal of methods, proposal of procedures, proposal of methodologies, or generation of the results presented in the manuscript.

In cases of technical participation that does not constitute a direct contribution to the generation of a new scientific contribution, it is suggested that the Acknowledgments section be used to recognize the efforts of the personnel involved.

If any member of the editorial team or an academic reviewer detects unjustified authorship, the authors of the submitted contribution will be notified through the corresponding author. In such cases, a letter of explanation will be requested and subsequently analyzed by the editorial team, specifically by the Director, the Executive Editor, and an advisor from the editorial board. The penalty for this misconduct may be the temporary or permanent rejection of future submissions from one or more of the authors.

Authors who have benefited from the peer-review process should consider becoming reviewers as part of their professional responsibility.

They must respond to and address the observations made by the reviewers within the established deadlines.

The language used in the manuscript must be clear, concise, coherent, and based on scientific evidence.

Research Integrity

Panorama Económico encourages all authors to ensure that contributions submitted to the journal are the result of principles of honesty and responsibility. Likewise, submissions should be rigorous, coherent, reproducible, and provide a clear presentation of the methods employed and the data derived from them.

Contributions received by Panorama Económico must be free from:

  • Simultaneous submission to another editorial system or publication outlet.
  • Fragmentation, duplication, partial reproduction, or extraction of any part of another publication, regardless of its format.
  • Content lacking a scientific basis.
  • Scientific fraud or plagiarism.
  • The use of Artificial Intelligence as a writing tool for the preparation of the contribution.
  • Failure to include all participants responsible for the scientific contribution.
  • Inclusion of individuals who did not contribute to the research work.
  • Manipulation of data or the exertion of influence to obtain results that do not follow the scientific method.

Reviewer Responsibilities

Individuals interested in serving as reviewers for Panorama Económico should familiarize themselves with the journal’s peer-review guidelines and comply with its requirements. Reviewers are expected to contribute their professional expertise and relevant experience to support the review process. A reviewer should only agree to evaluate a manuscript when they possess the necessary knowledge and can provide an objective and impartial assessment.

If a reviewer is affiliated with the same institution as one of the authors, or if any other circumstance may give rise to a conflict of interest, the reviewer must disclose the situation and decline the review assignment.

Once a reviewer accepts a manuscript for evaluation, the review must be completed within the timeframe established by the journal. If additional time is required, the reviewer must notify the journal and request an extension.

If a reviewer is unable to evaluate the manuscript, they should promptly inform the journal. Suggestions of qualified experts in the field are welcome, provided that such individuals have no conflicts of interest.

If the reviewer has any questions regarding the manuscript, notices missing files, or lacks sufficient information to conduct the review, they must contact the journal. Under no circumstances should reviewers communicate directly with the authors. If a reviewer believes they have identified the authors and this may create a conflict of interest, the journal must be notified immediately.

Reviewers may not involve third parties in the evaluation of a manuscript without prior authorization from the journal. The names of any individuals who assist in the review process must be disclosed to the journal for record-keeping purposes and acknowledgment of their contribution.

Reviewers must remain impartial regardless of the authors’ nationality, religion, political ideology, gender, or any other personal characteristic. If they are unable to conduct the review in accordance with this principle, they should decline the assignment and notify the journal.

If reviewers identify potential breaches of research or publication ethics, such as substantial similarity between the manuscript under review and another published work, they should inform the journal editor as soon as possible.

Reviewers should provide objective, constructive, and professional evaluations. Feedback should help authors improve their manuscripts and should be specific, clear, and supported by evidence. Reviewers must avoid hostile language, derogatory remarks, or unfounded accusations.

If a manuscript lacks clarity due to insufficient analysis, reviewers should explain what types of analyses could strengthen the work. However, it is not the reviewer’s responsibility to expand the scope of the manuscript.

Review reports must be prepared unless the journal has granted permission for another individual to participate in the evaluation process. Reviewers should refrain from making unjustified negative comments, should not recommend citations to their own work or that of their associates for personal benefit, and must not intentionally delay the review process through unnecessary requests for information or by postponing the submission of their review.

Conflicts of Interest

Panorama Económico considers a conflict of interest to exist when editorial or peer-review decisions are influenced by personal biases or subjective considerations related to political affiliations, race, institutional favoritism, personal or professional relationships, religious beliefs, homophobia, financial or economic interests, or any other factor not grounded in ethical and objective scholarly judgment.

To prevent conflicts of interest, the editorial team has established the following guidelines:

Authors

Authors must ensure that their submission is the result of their own intellectual work and is free from confidential information that has not been authorized for disclosure by third parties, where applicable. The Acknowledgments section should be used to give proper credit to the funding project and institution that supported the research, including the full institutional affiliation and country, as well as to experts or technical personnel who provided evaluative input or support for the submitted work.

The submitted manuscript must not be involved in any legal dispute or compromise the intellectual property, innovation outcomes, or proprietary interests of third parties. Likewise, the scientific contribution must not be used to promote brands, products, services, or trademarks for personal gain.

Authors are required to disclose any potential conflict of interest to the Editor of Panorama Económico by email at revistaese@ipn.mx.

If the Editor or any member of the editorial team identifies a potential conflict of interest involving one or more authors, the following actions will be taken:

  1. The corresponding author will be contacted by email and asked to provide clarification. The author will have five (5) days to respond clearly and fully to the Editor of Panorama Económico.
  2. If no response is received, or if it is determined that the submission violates confidentiality agreements or openly and repeatedly promotes brands, products, services, or trademarks, the manuscript will be rejected. In addition, the authors will be prohibited from submitting manuscripts to Panorama Económico for a minimum period of six (6) months.
  3. If any author repeats such conduct after the six-month suspension period, the case will be reported to the Ethics Committee of the publishing institution, and future submissions from the author(s) will not be accepted by Panorama Económico.

Editors and Editorial Board Members

Editors and members of the editorial board must ensure that their conduct remains impartial, grounded in scientific rigor, and aligned with the ethical guidelines established by Panorama Económico. Editorial decisions must not be influenced by institutional, personal, or professional favoritism. If an editor or editorial board member finds themselves in a situation that may constitute a conflict of interest, they must inform the Director of Panorama Económico so that another editor or qualified expert may temporarily assume responsibility for the manuscript. The Director of the journal will reassign the editorial process to another editor or team member to ensure the integrity and quality of all activities involved in the publication process.

If it is determined that a member of the editorial team has compromised any aspect of the management, editing, or publication process of a manuscript due to an undisclosed conflict of interest, the Director of Panorama Económico will take the following actions:

  1. A clarification process will be initiated with the individual(s) involved. A period of seven (7) days will be granted for a response.
  2. Suspension from the editorial team for a period ranging from six (6) months to two (2) years, during which the individual may not participate in any capacity within Panorama Económico (including as author, reviewer, editor, advisor, or any other role). The clarification provided will be considered when determining the duration of the suspension.
  3. In the event of repeated misconduct, the individual will be reported to the Ethics Committee of their institution.

Academic Reviewers

Academic reviewers are considered to have a conflict of interest when their evaluation lacks a scientific basis in response to the content of the manuscript under review, or when personal, institutional, or professional interests are placed above objective scholarly assessment. In situations involving a conflict of interest, reviewers are required to decline the review invitation and notify the Editor-in-Chief via email at revistaese@ipn.mx. In such cases, the Editor-in-Chief will reassign the manuscript to another qualified reviewer who does not present a conflict of interest.

If the editorial team determines that a reviewer has engaged in conduct involving a conflict of interest, the Director and Editor-in-Chief of Panorama Económico will be responsible for implementing the following actions:

  1. A clarification process will be initiated with the reviewer involved. A period of ten (10) days will be granted for a response. The clarification provided will be considered when determining the duration of any sanction.
  2. Suspension from serving as a reviewer for Panorama Económico for a period ranging from one (1) to two (2) years. During the suspension period, the individual may not participate in any role associated with the journal, including author, reviewer, editor, advisor, or any other capacity.
  3. In the event of repeated misconduct, the individual will be reported to the Ethics Committee of their institution as well as to the Ethics Committee of the institution that publishes Panorama Económico.

Policy on Errata, Retractions, and Complaints

The editorial team of Panorama Económico is committed to the scientific community to conduct all editorial processes responsibly and with the highest standards of rigor, ensuring that published content remains accurate, up to date, and permanently available for retrieval, reading, and download.

Errata

Corrections included in an Erratum consist of publishing an updated version of a contribution due to modifications that do not compromise the integrity of the research. Requests for corrections must be submitted via email to revistaese@ipn.mx.

An Erratum should be requested when there are incorrect author details, such as errors in names, affiliations, or email addresses; writing errors; clarifications or modifications to titles or notes associated with images (including diagrams, graphs, maps, figures, drawings, and other visual elements); or corrections to tables.

The correction request must include a letter explaining the reasons for the proposed changes, along with supporting documentation that justifies the update to the published contribution. The request must also explicitly state the consent and include the signatures of all authors of the contribution, authorizing the review of the correction request.

The editorial team will notify the authors via email within the following 15 days. The documents provided by the authors will be evaluated by an editor from the editorial team and an academic reviewer.

The editorial team is responsible for ensuring that the Erratum is published in the table of contents of the next issue and that it contains a direct link to the original contribution. The Erratum will consist of a numbered page identifying the Errata section and the relevant issue information, as well as explicitly indicating its relationship with the original publication. The Erratum is a citable document, and citations between the original contribution and the Erratum will be linked and recorded. The scientific community will be informed of the appropriate citation format for the corrected version.

Retraction

Retraction involves the withdrawal of a published article when errors are identified that compromise the validity, rigor, or relevance of the data; when plagiarism is detected and confirmed; when inconsistencies are identified in the methodologies, procedures, or methods described in the contribution; or when the reproducibility of the results cannot be guaranteed in applicable cases.

The decision to retract a publication is the responsibility of the Director of Panorama Económico, following consultation with the Executive Editor and the academic reviewers involved in the published contribution. The authors involved will be notified of the retraction decision via email.

Authors may request the retraction of an article by sending an email to revistaese@ipn.mx. The editor will be responsible for communication with the authors. The analysis period for a Retraction request will be up to 15 business days.

The editorial team is responsible for ensuring that the Retraction is published in the table of contents. The Retraction will consist of a numbered page indicating the Retraction section and the relevant issue information, as well as an explicit statement of its relationship with the publication in question. Specifically, it will include the published title, authors, reasons supporting the decision, and the person responsible for authorizing the Retraction. The Retraction will be signed by the Director of Panorama Económico and published in the next available issue.

Complaints

Panorama Económico provides a mechanism through which authors may submit complaints via email to revistaese@ipn.mx. The email subject line must follow the format: COMPLAINT–name of the process being referenced (e.g., peer review, editorial communication, or other).

The editor is responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of all communications. Complaints will be reviewed by the Director and Editor of Panorama Económico, with the participation of selected journal advisors when necessary. The editor is responsible for communicating the response within a period not exceeding 15 days.

It is important to emphasize that submitting a complaint does not imply changes to the policies of Panorama Económico or modifications to decisions made during the editorial process.

Good Practices

Corresponding Author. The corresponding author is responsible for submitting the complete list of contributors, including all required information requested by the journal, while ensuring the anonymity of the contribution during the review process. The corresponding author must also submit the copyright transfer agreement with the approval of all authors and ensure the accurate completion of the metadata required on the submission platform.

No Plagiarism. Manuscripts submitted to Panorama Económico must be original works and free from any form of plagiarism. If any external material is used, it must be properly cited according to the APA 7th edition guidelines. Authors who engage in plagiarism will be subject to sanctions.

Use of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools cannot be considered authors of an article, as they cannot assume responsibility for the submitted work, declare conflicts of interest, or manage copyright and authorship rights. Authors who use AI tools for manuscript writing, the creation of images or graphical elements, or the collection and analysis of data must transparently disclose this use in the Materials and Methods section (or an equivalent section), specifying how and which AI tool was used. Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscripts, including any sections generated with the assistance of AI tools, and therefore remain accountable for any violation of publication ethics.

Bias-Free Language. Authors should strive to use language free from implicit or irrelevant evaluations of the individuals or groups discussed in their work, with the aim of avoiding the perpetuation of discriminatory or derogatory attitudes in academic writing. Manuscripts must not include expressions that reflect prejudicial beliefs or reinforce biased assumptions against individuals based on age, disability, gender, participation in research, racial or ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or any combination of these or other personal characteristics. Instead, authors should use affirmative and inclusive language.

The writing style used by authors, as well as all forms of communication among the editorial team, reviewers, and authors, must be inclusive and free of bias. Panorama Económico does not accept offensive language and promotes equity and equal opportunities for all members of the scientific community conducting research related to the thematic areas covered by the journal.

Permission for Reproduction

Authors may share the published version of their contribution provided that they properly acknowledge, reference (including the DOI and title), and link the contribution to the original publication on the Panorama Económico journal website.

The final published version may be shared through:

  • Institutional and subject-based repositories
  • Professional websites
  • Academic social networks
  • Academic websites
  • Conferences and scientific events
  • Educational or teaching materials